Combination water heating and room cooling system and method employing heat pumps



Feb. 9, 1954 Filed March 20, 1951 K. M. HAMMELL COMBINATION WATER HEATING AND ROOM COOLING SYSTEM AND METHOD EMPLOYING HEAT PUMPS 3 She ets-Sheet l 24o l; 2/ )fl 19 I! I '80 /1(\Q/ A 5? I50 0" 36 1 1 M I Low J ll "90 \l $23 l m i:

0 25 I00 I25 I50 Tempe'raturef FIG. 5

FIG. 3

INVENTOR.

Kemper M. Hamme/l A Hys.

Feb. 9, 1954 K. M. HAMMELL WATER SYSTEM AND METHO 1951 COMBINATION HEATING AND ROOM COOLING D EMPLOYING HEAT PUMPS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 20,

, uvwszvrox. I Kemper M. Hamme/l FIG. 4

Subcooli I! I I fl 1/ 1/ n 1/ 1 AHVS.

K. M. HAMMELL WAT Feb. 9, 1954 2,668,420 COMBINATION ER HEATING AND ROOM COOLING SYSTEM AND METHO Filed March 20, 1951 D EMPLOYING HEAT PUMPS 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 3555 3 you set IAIIII NUS. 1

INVENTOR. Kemper M. Hammel/ Patented Feb. 9, 1954 COMBINATION WATER COOLING SYSTEM IN G HEAT PUMPS Kemper M. Hammell, Harrisburg, General Electric Company,

New York HEATING AND ROOM AND METHOD EMPLOY- Pa., assignor to a corporation of Application March 20, 1951, Serial No. 216,626

The present invention relates to heat pumps and more particularly to systems for and methods of water heating and room cooling employing heat pumps incorporating a refrigeration cycle of the compression-liquefaction-expansion type.

It is the general object of the present invention to provide improved and simplified heat pump systems and methods.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved system for and method of water heating that is especially adapted for home and other small installations.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved system for and method of room cooling that is especially adapted for home and other smallinstallations.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved combined system for and method of waterheating and room cooling that is especially adapted for home and other small installations.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved water heater that may be readily connected and disconnected with respect to a hot water storage tank so that the heater may be readily incorporated in an existing hot water system and so that the heater may be readily disassociated from. the hot water storage tank in the system in order to facilitate adjustment or repair thereof.

A furtherobject of the invention is to provide an improved refrigerating machine of the heat pump type that is efficient in operation and compact in structure rendering the machine admirably suited to combination water heating and room cooling in a home or other small installation.

- A- stil1 further object of the invention is to provide an improved control network for a com-' bination water heating and room cooling system of the heat pump type so that the system may primarily for both heating water and cooling a room. Further features of the invention pertain to the particular arrangement of the elements of the system and. of the steps of the method, whereby the above-outlined and additional operating features thereof are attained. The invention, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following specifica tion, taken in connection with the accompanybe readily set primarily for heating water or 27 Claims. Cl. 62-4) ing drawings, in which Figure 1 is a plan view of a combination water heater and room cooler of the heat pump type embodying the present invention; Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of the heater-cooler shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an end elevational view of the heater-cooler shown in Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 4 is an enlarged side elevational view of the heater-cooler, similar to Fig. 2, partly broken away and partly in section, illustrating the arrangement of the various elements incorporated therein; Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the performance of the heater cooler shown in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, demonstrating stratification of the different zones of hot water in the storage tank incorporated therein; and Fig. 6 is a combined electrical and mechanical diagram of a combination water heating and room cooling system incorporating the heater cooler shown in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, and that may be employed in'carrying out the method of the present invention.

Referring now to Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, of the drawings, the. combination water heater and room cooler [0 there illustrated, and embodying the features of the present invention, is of the heat pump type and comprises two upstanding separable elements II and I2 normally arranged in assembled relation. The element H is arranged to store hot water and consists essentially of a substantially annular base I 3 provided with feet I4 adapted to engage the floor or other supporting surface, an upstanding cylindrical tank I5 carried by the base l3, and an upstanding substantially cylindrical casing 16 carried by the base l3 and enclosing the tank l5. Insulating material l1, glass wool, or the like, is-arranged within the casing I5 and in surrounding relation with respect to the side and top walls of the tank 15, the insulating material I! being preferably in the form of bats or blankets to facilitate placement and removal thereof with respect tothe tank I 5. As illustrated, the casing 16 may comprise a substantially annular bottom wall l8, a substantially cylindrical side wall l9 and a substantially annular top wall 20, the

bottom wall [8 and the side wall I9 being remove and the top wall able with respect to each other 20 and the side wall l9 being removable with respect to each other to facilitate assembly and disassembly of the casing l6. v

The tank 45 may comprise a substantially cylindrical side wall 2|, a substantially annular concave bottom wall 22; and a substantially annular convex top, wall 23, and is normally formedof steel that has been provided with exterior and interior galvanized coatings. A substantially centrally disposed spud 24 is provided in the bottom wall 22 and is threaded to receive a cold water inlet conduit 25, a deflector 26 being secured to the interior surface of the bottom Wall 22 over the open end of the cold water inlet conduit 25 for the purpose of spreading out and distributing the cold water admitted into the lower portion of the tank 45 so as to prevent mixing of the incoming cold water and the hot water normally stored in the tank 15, whereby stratification of the hot water normally stored in the tank is preserved. The lower end of the cold water conduit extends through an opening 2'! provided in the base 13 so that it may be connected into the associated plumbing in a manner more fully explained hereinafter. A substantially centrally disposed spud 28 is provided in the top wall 23 and is threaded to receive the inner end of a heat trap conduit 25, the outer end of the heat trap conduit 29 projecting through an opening 19a provided in the upper portion of the side wall 59 and carrying a fitting 36 that is connected to hot water plumbing 3!. A spud 39. is arranged in the upper portion of the side wall 2! and is threaded to receive the upper end of a circulation conduit 33 arranged between the side walls 2| and IS, the lower end of the circulation conduit 33 projecting through an opening 1% provided in the lower portion of the side wall is and carrying a fitting 34 that is employed for a purpose more fully explained hereinafter. A T fixture 35 is secured to the lower end of the cold water inlet conduit 25 below the base 13 and is connected commonly to cold water supply plumbing 36 and to a laterally extending circulation conduit 31. Finally a thermostatic switch 38 is carried by the lower portion of the tank I5 for a purpose more fully explained hereinafter.

The element i2 is arranged to heat water and to cool room air and consists essentially of a substantially annular base 33 provided with feet adapted to engage the floor or other supporting surface, an upstanding frame 4! carried by the base 39, a refrigerating machine 42 carried by the frame 42, and an upstanding substantially cylindrical casing 43 carried by the base 39 and enclosing the frame :4 and the refrigerating machine 42. As illustrated, the casing 43 may comprise a substantially annular bottom wall 44, a

substantially cylindrical side wall 45 and a substantially annular top wall '15, the bottom wall as and the side wall 45 being removable with re spect to each other and the top wall 46 and the side wall 45 being removable with respect to each other to facilitate assembly and disassembly of the casing 43. More particularly in the element !2, the parts of the base 3! the bottom wall 44, the side wall 45 and the top wall 46 that are normally assembled adjacent to the corresponding parts of the element i! are provided with cutcuts or recesses so that they may receive the corresponding parts or the element H. For example, as illustrated in Fig. l, the top wall 46 is provided with a cutout or. recess 45a that receives the corresponding part of the top wall 28. This arrangement is very advantageous as it prevents tangential contact between the elements I! and i2 and contributes materially to compactness of the heater-cooler NJ. The junction between the elements it and I2 is covered by a substantially L-shaped trim member 4? to provide a finished appearance to the heater-cooler it, the trim member A? being removably secured in any suit- 4 able manner to the adjacent portions of the casings l6 and 43.

The refrigerating machine 42 is of the compression-liquefaction-expansion type including a motor-compressor unit #68 of the sealed casing variety, an evaporator 69 and a condenser-heat exchanger 58. The evaporator Q9 is arranged adjacent to the upper central portion of the casing 43 and is suitably supported upon the top of the frame 4!. Also a substantially L-shaped air duct 5! is arranged in the upper portion of the casing t3 and housing the evaporator 49, the duct 5! being provided with an upwardly directed leg 52 and a laterally directed leg 53. The upwardly directed leg 52 communicates with an opening 54 provided in the top wall 48, the top wall Q6 also removably carrying a substantially rectangular louver member 55 covering the opening 54; and the laterally directed leg 53 communicates with an opening 55 provided in the upper portion of the side wall 65, the upper portion of the side wall 45 also removably carrying a substantially semi-cylindrical wire screen 5? covering the opening 56. Also arranged within the laterally directed leg 53 is an electric motor 58 that is supported upon a base 5% carried by the top of the frame 4!, the motor 58 being provided with an operating shaft that carries a fan 68 disposed within the laterally directed leg 53 adjacent to the wire screen 5?. The motor 58 is arranged so that when it is operated, the fan 60 is rotated so as to circulate air through the duct 5 I, the air being drawn through the louver member 55 and being discharged through the Wire screen 51. The air thus circulated through the duct 5| is passed through the evaporator 49 in good heat exchange relation therewith and thence over the motor 58, whereby the air circulated through the duct 5| is substantially cooled.

A drip tray or pan 58 is removably secured in place in the lower portion of the duct 5! below the evaporator 49 for the purpose of receiving water that is condensed out of the air that is circulated through the duct 5| into heat ex-' change with the evaporator 49 resulting from cooling of the air below its dew point. Of course the moisture accumulates upon the evaporator 49 and drips into the tray 58'. The water dripping into the drip tray'58 is conducted there from through a downwardly directed drain conduit 59 that communicates with a flexible drain hose 6%. More particularly the upper end of the drain nose 68 is suitably secured to the drain conduit 59; and the lower end of the drain hose 59 extends through an opening 6! provided in the base 39 and communicates with drain plumbing, not shown.

Preferably the heat exchanger 59 is of the construction and arrangement of that disclosed in the copending application of Kemper M. Hammell, Serial No. 191,010, filed October 19, 1950 and comprises a vessel formed by inner and outer substantially cup-shaped walls 62 and 53 arranged in nested relation and defining a substantially cup-shaped chamber 64 therebetween. The heat exchanger so is arranged in upstanding position in the lower portion of the casin 43 immediately above the base 39 and is carried by the frame 4! upon an arrangement including a substantially horizontally extending supporting plate 65. A substantially centrally disposed spud 56 is carried by the closed bottom end of the outer wall 6-3 and threaded to receive an up: wardly projecting fixture 61 that extends through acentr'ally disposed opening 58 formed.

5,. in the base '39. Thelowe'r end'of the fixture 61 carries a three-position manual'control valve 69 that is connected both toa circulation conduit and to admin conduit 1|. The upper portions of the inner and outer walls 62 and 63 respectively carry substantially annular flanges 12 and 13 that are removably secured together by bolts, not shown, and a fixture 14 is carried by the flange 12 and threaded to receive an upwardly directed circulation conduit 15. In view of the foregoing, it will be understood that water passing through the fixture B1 enters the lower portion of the chamber 64, rises therein, and leaves the upper portion of the chamber 64 through the circulation conduit 15. Also the heat exchanger comprises a substantially helical refrigerant conduit 16 that is arranged within the chamber 64 and supported in place by inner and outer substantially cylindrical corrugated structures 11 and 18. The structures 11 and 1B are arranged in good heat exchange relation with the convolutions of the refrigerant conduit 16 and in poor heat exchange relation with the respective inner and outer walls 62 and 63, whereby heat from the refrigerant conduit 16 is readily transmitted to the structures 11' and 18, but

heat transfer from the structures 11 and 18 to the respective inner and outer walls 62 and 63 is retarded. Also the flutes provided in the structures 11 and 18 accommodate the ready passage of the water in the chamber 64 upwardly therethrough and in good heat exchange relation with the convolutions of the refrigerant conduit 16. The upper end of the refrigerant conduit 16 projects upwardly through a sealed opening provided in the flange 12 andis COD: nected to the casing of a high pressure controller 19; while the lower end of the refrigerant conduit 16 projects inwardly through a sealed opening provided in the lower portion of the inper wall 62 and then extends upwardly through the hollow cavity provided in the inner wall 62 and is connected to the casing of a suitable expansion valve 80.

As diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 6, the motor-compressor unit 48 comprises a sealed casing 8! housing an electric motor 82 and a compressor 83 that may be of any suitable type. The compressor 33 is provided with an inlet conduit 84 communicating with the interior of the casing Bi and an outlet conduit 85 that extends through a sealed opening in the casing BI and communicates with the .casing of the high pressure controller 19. Also the casing of the expansion valve 8 communicates with the inlet side of a conduit 86 extending through the evaporator 49; and the outlet side of the conduit 86 communicates with the casing of a drier 81 that may be of the silica-gel type; and the casing of the drier 81 communicates with a conduit 88, that, in turn, communicates through a sealed opening provided in the casing 8| with the interior thereof. As best shown in Fig. 4, the cas-. ing 8! of the motor-compressor unit 48v is resiliently mounted upon the supporting plate 65 by an arrangement including a plurality of com pression coil springs 89.

In view of the foregoing description of the connection and arrangement of the refrigerating machine 42, it will be understood that the come pressor 83 draws expanded gaseous refrigerant from the interior of the casing BI and compresses it and then discharges it through the conduit 85 into the casing of the high pressure controller-19, the gaseous refrigerant being superheated as a consequence of the compression thereof. The compressed gaseous refrigerant is then conducted from the casing of the high pressure controller 19 into the upper portion of the refrigerant conduit 16, whereby it passes therethrough downwardly toward the lower portion thereof. The compressed gaseous refrigerant delivered to the upper portion of the refrigerant conduit 16 contains considerable superheat, whereby the turns adjacent to the upper portion of the refrigerant conduit 16 extract this superheat and comprise a desuperheating region of the condenser 50. The compressed gaseous refrigerant is condensed in the intermediate turns of the refrigerant conduit 16 so that the latent heat of condensation is removed therefrom, whereby these turns thereof constitute a condensing region of the condenser 50. The liquid refrigerant accumulates in the lower turns of the refrigerant conduit 16, whereby it is subcooled so that these turns thereof constitute a subcooling region of the condenser 50. The subcooled liquid refrigerant is then delivered from the lower portion of the refrigerant conduit 16 into the casing of the expansion valve wherein it is appropriately expanded back into the conduit 86 adjacent to the inlet end of the evaporator 49. The expanded gaseous refrigerant is then withdrawn from the conduit 86 into the casing of the drier 81 so that any slugs of liquid refrigerant are trapped. by the silica-gel in the drier 81. The expanded gaseous refrigerant is then conducted from the casing of the drier 81 via the conduit 88 back into the interior of the casing 81 of the motor-compressor unit 48 completing the refrigerant cycle.

Further the supporting plate 65' carries a thermostatic valve 89 that is provided with a casing that is connected to the circulation conduit 15, the casing of the valve 89 being also connected to a circulation conduit 90. The adjacent ends of the circulation conduits 31 and 10 are respectively connected together by a detachable union BI; and the adjacent ends of the circulation conduits 33 and 90 are respectively connected together by a detachable union 92. Finally the mid-portion of the side wall 45 is provided with a removable door or panel 93 permitting inspection of the interior of the casing 43 and access to the refrigerating machine 42; and insulating material 94, glass wool, or the like, is arranged within the lower portion of the casing 43 embedding the motor-compressor unit 48, as well as the heat exchanger 50.

In view of the foregoing description of the heater-cooler If], it willbe understood that the elements I I and I2 may be readily connected and disconnected with respect to each other, whereby the element 12 may be readily incorporated in an existing hot. water heating system including the unit I. Moreover the element I 2 may be readily detached from the element It to permit adjustment and repair of the refrigerating machine 42. In fact, in assembling the unit l2 with respect to the unit H, fundamentally it is necessary only to make the plumbing connections at the unions 9! and 92 and to place the trim element 4'! with respect to the casings l6 and 43.

Also it will be understood that the cold water supply plumbing 36 communicateswith the T fixture t5 and consequently with the cold water inlet conduit 25 and with the circulation con' duit 31. The cold water inlet conduit 25 is in communication with the lower portion of the tank 15, as previously noted; and the circulation-conduit 31 communicates with the valye 69 via the? circulation conduit and the union 8i. As previously noted, the manual control valve 09 is of the three-position type, so that it may be set into a first position opening the circulation conduit 10 into the fixture B1 and closing the drain conduit 1!, so that it may be set into a second position opening the fixture 61 into the drain conduit 1I and closing the circulation conduit 10 and so that it may be set into a third position opening the circulation conduit 10 into the drain conduit II and closing the fixture 61. Assuming that the valve 69 occupies its first position, the circulation conduit 10 is placed in communication with the fixture 61 and consequently with the lower portion of the chamber 54, whereby water from the circulation conduit 10 may enter the lower portion of the chamber 64. The water in the chamber 6-1 is heated by the refrig erant conduit 16 and rises in the chamber 64 about the refrigerant conduit 16 and through the structures .11 and 18 into the upper portion of the chamber 60 as a consequence of the thermo-siphon action produced in the heat exchanger 50. The hot water rising in the chamber 64 passes through the circulation conduit into the casing of the thermostatic valve 89 from which the hot water may pass via the circulation conduit 90, the union 92 and the circulation conduit 33 back into the upper portion of the tank I5.

As best shown in Fig. 6, the thermostatic valve 09 comprises a casing 95 housing a movable valve element 96 that is normally arranged to close an associated valve seat structure 91, as well as a thermal responsive element 98 arranged within the casing 95. Also a small bypass opening 99 is formed in the valve element 96 for the purpose of accommodating the flow of a small amount of the water through the casing 95 when the valve element 06 occupies its t closed position with respect to the valve seat structure 91, so that the thermal element 98 in the casing 95 may accurately respond to the temperature of the water delivered from the upper portion of the chamber 64 into the casing 95. The thermal element 93 is adjusted so that when the hot water delivered into the casing 95 has a predetermined temperature, the thermal element 98 operates the valve element 96 from its normally closed position into its open posi tion in order to permit free communication between the circulation conduits 15 and 90.

As best shown in Fig. 6, the thermostatic switch 38 comprises a thermal element I00 that is in the form of a fluid bellows arranged in good heat exchange relation with the lower portion of the side wall 2! of the tank i5, and a switch element i0I provided with respective cold and hot contacts I02 and I03. Also a manually adjustable control knob I04 is provided for the purpose of adjusting the temperature at which the switch element 101 is operated selectively to close the cold contacts I021 and to close the hot contacts I 03. In view of the foregoing, it will be understood that when the temperature of the water stored in the lower portion of the tank I5 is below a predetermined temperature, the switch element I01 occupies its left-hand position closing the cold contacts I02 and opening the hot contacts 553. On the other hand, when the temperature of the water stored in the lower portion of the tank i5 is elevated to the predetermined temperature mentioned, the switch element I0! is operated to its right-hand position opening the cold contacts I02 and closing the hot contacts H13.

Also as best shown in Fig. 6, the lugh-pressure controller 19 that is connected between the conduit and the upper portion of the refrigerant conduit 16 comprises a casing I05 communicating with the high pressure side of the compressor 83 and an associated bellows I06 that is operated in the event the pressure of the compressed refrigerant delivered from the compressor 83 exceeds a predetermined pressure indicating an abnormal operating condition or the refrigerating machine 02. The bellows 06 carries a contactor I01 that is operated between its normally closed circuit position and its open circuit position in the event of the abnormal high pressure of the compressed refrigerant delivered from the compressor 83 and that is employed for a purpose more fully explained hereinafter.

Considering now the overall operating characteristic of the heater-cooler I0, it may be assumed that the refrigerating machine 42 employs F-l2 as a refrigerant, that it is desirable to store hot water in the tank I5 at a temperature of 150 F., that the ambient temperature of the cold water in the cold water supply plumbing 35 is 50 F., and that the ambient temperature of the air in the room housing the heatercooler I0 is 20 F. In this case, it is satisfactory to adjust the thermostatic switch 38 so that it is operated at a temperature in the range F. to F., whereby it may be assumed thatthe switch element IilI is operated to close the hot contacts I03 when the temperature of the water in the lower portion of the tank I5 is elevated to 120 F., and that the switch element Illi is operated to close the cold contacts Hi2 when the temperature of the water in the lower portion'of the tank H5 is lowered to 115 F. Also in this case, the thermostatic valve 39 is set to operate from its closed position into its open position when the temperature of the water delivered into the casing 95 thereof exceeds F. Further the high pressure controller 19 is adjusted so that the contactor I01 is operated into its open circuit position in response to a high pressure of approximately 215 lbs. per square inch. Now assuming that the water in the tank :5 is cold so that the thermostatic switch 38 is controlled to operate the switch element IOI to close the cold contacts I02 and that there-is no gauge pres sure in the casing I05 of the high pressure controller 19 so that the contactor 101 occupies its closed circuit position, at this time, cold water from the cold water plumbing 36 enters thev T fixture 35 so that the tank I5 is completely filled with cold water and so that the chamber 64 in the heat exchanger 50 is completely filled with cold water. Also at this time, it may be assumed that the circulation conduits 31, 10, I5, 90 and 33. as well as the heat trap conduit 29, are filled with cold water. When the heater-cooler I0 is connected to a suitable source of electrical supply, operation of the motor 82 of the. motor-compressor unit 48 is initiated and operation of the motor 58 is initiated to drive the fan 60.

The motor 82 drives the compressor 03 initiat ing operation of the refrigerating machine 42, whereby the refrigerating machine 42 reaches its normal operating condition in a short interval of time. Under normal operation conditons, the temperature of the compressed refrigerant delivered from the compressor 83 into the conduit 85 may beapproximately 240 Frso that the-com pressed refrigerant entering the desuperheatin'g 9 of the refrigerant conduit I6contains considerable superheat and has a temperature somewhat below the 240 F. mentioned. The superheat of the compressed refrigerant is removed in the desuperheating region of the heat exchanger 59, whereby the temperature of the condensing region of the superheater 50 is approximately 140 F. The liquid refrigerant accumulating in the subcooling region of the heat exchanger 50 is appreciably cooled so that the liquid refrigerant delivered into the expansion valve 80 has a temperature of approximately 70 F. As the liquid refrigerant is expanded by the expansion valve 80 into the conduit 86, the temperature of the expanded gaseous refrigerant falls to a temperature of approximately 45 F., whereby the temperature of the evaporator 49 is maintained somewhat above 45" F. The expanded gaseous refrigerant is heated in the evaporator 49 so that the temperature thereof may be approximately 50 F. as it is delivered into the drier 8?. The operating fan 60 circulates the air through the openings 54 and 56 in the casing 43 and through the duct 5| at the ambient temperature of 70 F., whereby heat is supplied from the circulated air to the evaporator 49.

The water in the chamber 64 is heated since it is in good heat exchange relation with the refrigerant conduit 16 so that the water in the chamber 64 rises therein producing a thermosiphon circulation from the fixture 6'! into the circulation conduit and into the casing 95 of the thermostatic valve 89. At this time, the valve element 99 of the thermostatic valve 89 occupies its closed position with respect to the valve seat element 91, whereby only a small amount of the water in the casing 95 is by-passed through the opening 99 formed in the valve element 96 into the circulation conduit 99 and thence via the union 92 and the circulation conduit 33 into the upper portion of the tank I5. Of course, at this time, a small amount of water in the lower portion of the tank i5 passes via the conduit 25, the T fixture 35, the circulation conduit 31, the union 9I, the circulation conduit 10, and the valve 59 into the fixture 67 and thence into the lower portion of the chamber 64 in the heat exchanger'50. Accordingly at this time, there is a very small circulation of water between the lower portion of tank I5, the heat exchanger 50 and the upper portion of the tank I5, but this circulation is of no material consequence by virtue of the fact that the thermostatic valve 89 occupies its closed position. As previously noted, this small circulation is maintained so that the thermal element 98 of the thermostatic valve 89 may accurately respond to the temperature of the water in the upper portion of the heat exchanger 50.

After a time interval, the water in the upper portion of the heat exchanger 50 is elevated somewhat above the desired storage temperature 150 F., whereby the thermal element 98 of the thermostatic valve 89 operates the valve element 96 from its normally closed position into its open position. At this time, free and unrestricted thermo-siphon circulation takes place between the lower portion of the tank I5, the heat exchanger 50, and the upper portion of the tank I5. Thus it will be understood that cold water at a temperature of approximately 50 F. isdelivered from the lower portion of the tank I5, and that hot water at somewhat above 150 F. is returned to the upper portion of the tank I5 by virtue of the arrangement of the heat exchanger 50 and the thermal responsive valve 89. r This 10' arrangementpositively insures stratification of the hot water in the tank I5. Of course the hot water delivered to the upper portion of the tank I5 does effect some heating of the cold water disposed in the lower portion of the tank I5, but this heat exchange is not to such an extent that there is any interference with stratification of the water in the tank I5. The thermo-siphon cycle above described continues, and gradually the upper portion of the tank I5 is filled toward the lower portion thereof with hot water to such an extent that the temperature of the water in the lower portion of the tank I5 reaches the F., whereby the thermostatic switch 38 is operated to arrest operation of the motor 82 of the motor-compressor unit 48 and the motor 58 driving the fan 69. At this time, the tank I5 is substantially completely filled with the hot water at the desired storage temperature 'of F., the water only in the lower low portion of the tank I5 being at the temperature of approximately 120 F., and operation of the refrigerating machine 42 is arrested. 1

Now, in the event of a demand for hot water from the hot water plumbing 3|, hot water is withdrawn from the upper portion of the tank I5 via the heat trap conduit 29, and cold water is supplied to the lower portion of the tank I5 via the cold water plumbing 36 so as to maintain the tank I5 substantially full of water at all times. As the cold water is thus applied via the conduit 25 into the lower portion of the tank I5, the baiile 25 prevents undesired mixing of the cold water with the hot water stored in the upper portion of the tank I5, whereby the quantity of hot water stored in the upper portion of the tank I 5 is maintained at the desired storage temperature of 150 F. The cold water entering the lower portion of the tank I5 causes the thermal element I09 of the thermostatic switch 38 to respond, whereby the switch element lIlI is again operated to close the cold contacts 02 and to open the hot contacts I03 so as to initiate further operation of the refrigerating machine 42. More I particularly the refrigerating machine 42 again operates in order to effect the storage of additiona1 hot water in the tank I5 so that the thermostatic switch 38 is again operated toarrest the operation of the refrigerating machine 42, in the manner previously explained.

During the-course of operation of the heatercooler I9, it will be understood that the thermostatic valve 89 insures that the hot'water that is delivered from the heat exchanger 50 into the upper portion of the tank I5 is at least at the desired storage temperature of 150 F., and at any time, should the hot water delivered from the upper portion. of the heat exchanger 50 fall below. the temperature of 150 F. the thermal element 98 of the thermostatic valve 89 again operates the valve element 96 into its closed position with respect to the 'valve seat structure 91. Of course during operation-of the refrigerating machine 42, the air that is circulated by the fan 69 through the evaporator 49 is cooled and may be employed for the general purpose of cooling the air in the room in which the heater-cooler I0 is located. In any case, this cooling of the air in the room in which the heater-cooler I9 is located is very useful in that the air thus circulated is dehumidified preventing dampness in the room. The moisture that is condensed out of the air that is circulated throughthe evaporator 49 accumulates upon the evaporator 49 and chips into the drip.tray'58'. from which" it is conducted via the conduit 59' and the drain hose 60 to the drain plumbing. Also during the operation of the refrigerating machine 42, the heat that is developed both in the motor 82 and in the compressor 83 of the motor-compressor unit 48 is conserved by virtue of the insulating material 94, whereby this heat is dissipated primarily in the compressed gaseous refrigerant delivered from the compressor 83 via the conduit 85 into the casing I05 of the high pressure controller I9 contributing essentially to the amount of superheat that is contained in this compressed gaseous refrigerant. Also the insulating material 94 pre- Vents undesired heat exchange between the heat exchanger 50 and the air in the room in which theheater-cooler I is located.

At any time the chamber 64 in the heat exchanger 50 may be back-flushed by operating the manual valve 68 into its second position so as to connect the fixturev 61 to the drain conduit II and toycut-oli the connection between the circulation conduit l0 and the fixture 61. The cold water entering the lower portion of the tank I rises therein causing water in the upper portion of the tank I5 to be back-flushed through the circulation conduit 33 and thence into the chamber 64 of the heat exchanger 50 and ultimately out of the drain conduit II. This arrangement provides for the ready back-flushing of the tank I5 and the heat exchanger 50 in order to remove any sediment therefrom. Also circulation be tween the tank I5 and the heat exchanger 50 may be arrested by operating the valve 69 into its third position so as to cut-oif communication between the fixture 61 and the circulation conduit i0 and the drain conduit II.

During the operation of the refrigerating machine 42, should the heat exchanger 58 fail so that condensation of the compressed gaseous refrigerant in the heat exchanger 50 is prevented an abnormal high pressure develops in the casing I05 of the high pressure controller 79, whereby the contactor I8! is operated into its open circuit position to arrest operation of the motor 82 0f the motor-compressor unit 48 and the motor 58 driving the fan 60. This arrangement is provided entirely for protection purposes and operation thereof is not effected during normal operation of the refrigerating machine 42.

In the embodiment of the heater-cooler I0 illustrated, the storage tank I5 has a volume of substantially 52 gallons, the tank 15 having a diameter of approximately 16 inches and an overall height of approximately 61 inches. Also in the heat exchanger 58 the chamber 64 has an efiective volume of approximately two gallons and a height of approximately 13 /2 inches; the refrigerating machine 42 has a capacity of approximately ton, and the motors 82 and 58 are operable upon a voltage of 110 volts A. C. single phase. More particularly, the motor 82 draws approximately 1100 watts during normal operation of the refrigerating machine 42 and the coefficient of performance of the heatercooler I0 is approximately 2.9.

The performance of this embodiment of the heater-cooler I0 is illustrated in Fig. 5; and in accumulating this data, six thermocouples were arranged in the mid-portions of six substantially equally spaced apart zones in the tank I5. Specifically the zones I to 8, inclusive, were arranged from the upper portion of the tank I5 toward the lower portion thereof, as indicated in Fig. 4. In this test, the temperature of the cold Water'in the cold water supply plumbing 36 was 50* F., as indicated in Fig. 5, and the remainder of the apparatus was at an initial ambient temperature of approximately F. Approximately 15 minutes after operation of the heater-cooler It was initiated, heating of the water in zone I in the uppermost portion of the tank I5 became measurable, and after an elapsed time of ape proximately minutes, the temperature of the water in zone I of the tank I5 was approximately 150 F. By this time, the temperature of the water in zones 2, 3 and 4 had begun to rise as indicated in Fig. 5. As the test was continued throughout a time-interval of substantially 240 minutes, the temperatures of the water in zones 1 to 5, inclusive, rose to substantially the desired storage temperature of 150 F., the uppermost zone I being somewhat above this temperature and the lowermost zone 5 being somewhat below this temperature. At this time, the temperature of the water in the lowermost zone 6 had reached a temperature of approximately 90 F., and the test was terminated. The family of curves illustrated in Fig. 5 clearly demonstrates stratification of the hot water stored in the tank I5, whereby it will be appreciated that after operation of the heater-cooler I0 from the initial ambient temperatures noted during only a very short interval of time, there is some usable hot water stored in the tank I5. In fact, after one-half hour, there is at least seven gallons of usable hot water stored in the tank I5; and after one hour, there is at least fourteen gallons of usable hot water stored in the tank I5. Moreover the complete storage of 52 gallons of usable hot water in the tank I5 takes place after a running time of only 3 hours and 45 minutes of the refrigerating machine 42 from an initial start at the ambient temperatures noted. Of course the coefficient of performance of the heater-cooler I0 is dependent upon the humidity of the air circulated by the fan 60 through the evaporator 49, the coeflicient being high when the humidity is relatively high. In the test noted, the coeficient of performance was calculated at 2.93 when the relative humidity was 32% and the dry bulb temperature of the atmosphere was 79 F. and the wet bulb temperature of the atmosphere was 60' F.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 6, a combined hot water heating and room cooling system is there illustrated that comprises the heater-cooler iii. More particularly, in this arrangement, the leg 52 of the duct 5| is connected to a ventilating T-fixture I26; and the leg 53 of the duct 5i is connected to a ventilatin T-fixture I2I. The T-fixture I28 comprises a stem I22 that communicates with the lower portion of a room IN; and T-fixture I21 comprises a stem $25 that is connected to a ventilating conduit I23, that, in turn, communicates With the upper portion of the room I24. Also the T-fixture I20 is provided with a duct I28 that communicates with another ventilating conduit I21, as well as a valve element I23 that is movable between two positions selectively to place either the stem 122 or the duct I26 into communication with the leg- 52. Similarly the T-fixture l2l is provided with a duct I29 that communicates with another ventilating conduit I30, as well as a valve element ISI that is movable between two positions selectively to place either the stem 125 or the duct 529 into communication with the leg 53. Thus it will be understood that when the valve elements I28 and I3I occupy their positions illustrated, the fan 60 is operative to draw air from the lower portion or the 13 room I24, to circulate the air throughjth evapo-' rator 49 and then to deliver the air into the upper portion of the room I24. On the other hand,

when the valve elements I28 and I3I occupy their operated positions, the fan 60 is operative to draw air from the conduit I21 to circulate the air through the evaporator 49 and then to discharge the air through the conduit I30.

, Also the room I24 is provided with a room thermostat I32 that includes a pair of contacts I33 and a thermal responsive element I32. Further the room I24 is provided with a control switch I34 including a manually operable switch element I35, the switch element I35 being operable between a water heating position illustrated and a room cooling position in which the switch element I35 engages a contact I36. Further the system comprises a solenoid controlled valve I31 that includes a casing I30 provided with an inlet conduit I39 and a drain conduit I40. The inlet conduit I39 is connected by a union I4I to the hot water plumbing 3!; and the drain conduit I40 communicates with drain plumbing, not shown. Arranged within the casing I38 of the valve I3? is a valve element I42 that cooperates with valve seat structure I43, the valve element I42 being carried by an operating stem I44 that is biased by a resilient spring I45 to cause the valve element I42 normally to close the valve seat element I43. Also the valve I31 comprises an operating solenoid I46 provided with an operating winding I 41.

Further the system comprises a transformer I48 provided with primary and secondary Windings I49 and I50, as Well as an electromagnetic relay I5I that includes an operating winding I52 and a pair of contactors I53 and I-54. Finally the system comprises a plug I55 that is adapted to be connected to a source of 110 volts A. C. single phase.

. In the circuit network, the plug I55 terminates two line conductors I56 and I51. The line conductor I5! is commonly connected to one terminal of the motor 53 and to one terminal of the motor 82; while the other terminals of the motors 58 and 82 are commonly connected by a conductor I58 to one contact of the contactor I01. The other contact of the contactor I! is connected by a conductor I59 commonly to one of the cold contacts I02 of the thermal switch 38 and to one of the contacts of the contactor I54. The line conductor I56 is commonly connected to the other contact of the contactor I54 and to the switch element "ll of the thermal switch 30. One of the hot contacts I03 of the thermal switch38 is connected by a conductor I60 to one of the contacts of the contactor I53; while the other contact of the contactor I53 is connected by a conductor I6I to one terminal of the winding M! of the solenoid I46, the other terminal of the winding I41 of the solenoid I46 being connected to the line conductor I51. One terminal of the winding I52 of the relay II is connected by a conductor I62 to the moving contact I33 of the room thermostat I32; and the stationary contact I33 of the room thermostat I32 is connected by a conductor I63 to one terminal of the secondary winding I 50 of the transformer I48, the other terminal of the secondary winding I50 of the transformer I48 being connected by a conductor I64 to the other terminal of the winding I52 of the relay I5I. One terminal of the primary winding I49 of the transformer I48 is. connected to the line conductor I5I.; and the other terminal of the primary winding I49 is connected by a conductor I65 to the contact I36 of the control switch I34.

Considering now the operation of the water heating and room cooling system, it may be assumed that it is desired primarily to heat the water in the tank I5, the cooling of the air in the room I24 being only incidental to the heating of the water in the tank I5, the control switch I34 is set into its water heating position. At this time, it may be assumed that the air in the room I24 is warm so that the room thermostat I32 is operated to close the contacts I33 thereof. However the circuit to the primary winding I49 of the transformer I48 is not closed by virtue of the position of the switch element I35 of the control switch I34 in its water heating position as previously noted. Also at this time, the switch element II of the thermal switch 38 closes the cold contacts I 32 and opens the hot contacts I03, as it may be assumed that the water in the tank I5 is cold. Further, th high pressure con; troller "i3 operates the contactor Iil'l into its closed circuit position. At this time, when the plug I55 is connected to the source of current, a circuit, including the cold contacts I02 of the thermal switch 33 and the contactor I 01 in its closed circuit position, is completed for operating the motor 82 of the motor-compressor unit 48 and the motor 53 driving the fan 60. Since the control switch I34 occupies its waterheating position, the primary winding I46 of the transformer :4:- is not energized, whereby the secondary winding I53 is not energized so that the relay I5! remains in its restored position.

Operation of the motor 82 effects operation of the refrigerating machine 42 so as to effect heatin of the water in the tank I5 and cooling of the air circulated by the fan 60, all in the manner previously explained. Accordingly the water in the tank I5 is progressively heated and the air in the room I24 is circulated and progressively cooled incident to heating of the water in the tank I5. When the water in the lower portion of the tank I5 is heated to the predetermined temperature of approximately F'., the thermal switch 38 operates to open the cold contacts I02 in order to arrest operation of the motors 82 and 53, thereby to arrest operation of the refrigerating machine 42 and circulation of the air in the room I24. Th refrigerating machine 42 is cycled on and oil in accordance with the temperature of the water in the lower portion of the tank I5 under the control of the thermal switch 38 in the manner previously explained.

Now assuming that it is desired primarily to cool the room I24, the control switch I34 is operated into its room cooling position, whereby the switch element I35 closes the room cooling contact I33 effecting energization of the primary winding I 49 of the transformer I48 so that the secondary winding I5I is energized effecting closure of the circuit for energizing the winding- I52 of the relay I50 since the room thermostat I32 closes the contacts I33. When the winding I52 of the relay vI5I is thus energized it-operates to close the contactors I53 and I54. Closure of the contactor I53 prepares a circuit for ener-' gizing the operated winding I4! of the solenoid I46; and closure of the contactor I54 completes a multiple circuit around the cold contacts I02 of the thermal switch 38 for insuring operation of the motors 82 and 58 independently of the. position of the switch element IOI of the thermal switch 38. At this time, it may beassumed that;

the switch element I!!! or the thermal switch 38 occupies its position closing the cold contacts I02 and openin the hot contacts I53. Accordingly heating of the water in the tank I5 and cooling of the air in the room I25 proceeds.

Now it may be first assumed that the room I24 is cooled to the desired room temperature prior to complete heating of the water in the tank I5. In this case, the room thermostat I32 is operated to open the contacts I33 while the thermal switch 33 occupies its position retaining closed the cold contacts 182 and retaining open the hot contacts I83. In this case, when the room thermostat I32 responds to the desired temperature of the room Ho opening the contacts I33, the windin I52 of the relay i5I is deenergized causing the latter relay to restore in order to open the contactors Ifi and led. When the contactor I53 is thus opened, the previously-prepared circuit for energizing the operating winding I41 of the solenoid 145 is interrupted; and when the contactor 55d is thus opened, the multiple circuit for operating the motors 82 and 58 is interrupted. Accordingly operation of the motors 82 and 58 proceeds under the control of the thermal switch 38, whereby further heating of the water in the tank I5 is eiiected and further cooling of the air in the room I25 is effected incidental to the operation of the refrigerating machine 42. In passing, it is noted that the further cooling of the air in the room I24 is not objectionable since there will be no substantial cooling thereof below th predetermined desired room temperature during the short time interval that the refrigeratin machine A2 may be operated to eliect complete heating of the water in the tank I5. Moreover, the room thermostat I32 is provided with a manually adjustable knob I34a so that the desired temperature of the air in the room I23 may be selectively set within a predetermined range of temperatures.

Now assuming that during the operation of the system, the water in the tank I5 is completely heated before the temperature of the air in the room I24 is reduced to the desired room temperature, which is the usual case. In this case, further operation of the refrigerating machine 42 is necessary in order to cool the air in the room I24 to the desired temperature; however, further heating of the water in the tank 95 is impractical since the water in the tank i5 has already been heated to the desired storage tem perature of 150 F. In this case, when the thermal switch S3 is operated in response to the temperature oi the water in the lower portion of the tank I5, the cold contacts I62 are opened and the hot contacts I03 are closed by the switch element IilI. Opening of the cold contacts I02 is without eii'ect since the contactor I54 occupies its closed position; however, closing of the hot contacts I03 completes a circuit, including the closed contactor I53, for energizing the operating winding I47 of the solenoid ME. More particularly the solenoid I45 is operated to open the valve element I42 with respect to the valve seat element I43 so that the hot water in the hot water plumbing 3| may escape through the casing 138 of the valve I3! and the drain conduit its into the drain plumbing, not shown. After the valve I3! has been operated into its open position permitting the escape of hot water for a short time interval from the upper portion of the tank I5, the thermal switch 38 again responds to the temperature of the water in the lower portion of the tank I5, opening the hot contacts I83 and closing the cold contacts :02. When-the not con tacts I03 are thus opened, the circuit for energizing the operating winding I4'I of the solenoid 146 is ole-energized, whereby the solenoid I46 returns the valve ISI into its closed position by virtue of the biasing spring I45 so as to prevent further escape of the hot water from the upper portion of the tank 85. The thermal switch 38 continues to re-cycle the cold contacts I52 and the hot contacts I83 in order intermittently to control the solenoid 45 so that the valve I3! is intermittently operated into its open position in the manner described above until the air in the room I24 has been cooled to the desired tom perature. When the air in the room I24 is cooled to the desired temperature, the room thermostat E32 responds effecting restoration of the relay I5I, whereby the refrigerating machine 42 is placed under the sole control of the thermostatic switch 38. Thus when the tank I5 is again completely filled with hot water, operation of the thermal switch 38 arrests operation of the refrigerating machine 42.

In view of the foregoing, it will be understood that when the control switch I33 occupies its room cooling position, the operation of the refrigerating machine 42 is under the joint control of the room thermostat I32 and the thermal switch 38 so that operation of the refrigerating machine &2 is arrested only in response to cooling of the air in the room I2 l at least to the desired temperature and to heating of the water in the tank I5 to the desired storage temperature. This arrangement is very advantageous in view of the fact that incident to cooling the room I'M, the water in the tank 55 is heated for ordinary use in the hot water plumbing 1-H, and the water is not permitted to escape from the upper portion of the tank I5 until it is completely heated from the ambient temperature of approximately 50 F. to the desired storage temperature of approximately 150 F. This arrangement insures that all of the water discharged from the system has been effectively employed in cooling the condenser 5?; of the refrigerating machine 42 and has been elevated in temperature between the ambient temperature of approximately 50" F. and the discharge temperature of approximately 150 F. Accordingly when the system is set primarily for room cooling operation eflicient utilization of the water for the purpose of cooling the condenser 5c of the refrigerating machine 52 is made so as materially to contribute to economical operation of the system.

In view of the foregoing, it is apparent that there has been provided an improved heatercooler and method of operating the same, as well as an improved water heating and room cooling system and method of operating the same. Also the heater-cooler is of improved and simplified construction and arrangement; and the circuit network for controlling operation of the system is of simple and economical connection and arrangement.

While there has been described what is at present considered to be the preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be understood that various modifications may be made therein, and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In a water heating system including an upstanding hotwater storage tank, a cold water inlet connection communicating with the' lower of said tank; the combination comprising an upstanding water vessel, a first conduit communicating between the lower portion of said tank and the lower portion of said vessel, a second conduit communicating between the upper portion of said tank and the upper portion of said vessel, means for heating the water in said vessel in order to cause the water to rise therein so as to induce a thermo-siphcn circulation of the water from the lower portion of said tank via said first conduit into the lower portion of said vessel and from the upper portion of said vessel via said second conduit into the upper portion of said tank, a valve arranged in said second conduit and selectively operable to control the passage therethrough of the water from the upper portion of said vessel into the upper portion of said tank, and thermal responsive means for selectively operating said valve.

2. In a water heating system including an upstanding hot water storage tank, a cold water inlet connection communicating with the lower portion of said tank, and a hot water outlet connection communicating with the upper portion of said tank; the combination comprising an upstanding water vessel, a first conduit communicating between the lower portion of said tank and the lower portion of said vessel, a second conduit communicating between the upper portion of said tank and the upper portion of said vessel, means for heating the water in said vessel in order to cause the water to rise therein so as to induce a thermo-siphon circulation of the water from the lower portion of said tank via said first conduit into the lower portion of said vessel and from the upper portion of said vessel via said second conduit into the upper portion of said tank, a valve arranged in said second conduit and selectively operable between open and closed positions to control the passage therethrough of the water from the upper portion of said vessel into the upper portion of said tank, and means including a thermal device responsive to temperatures of the water in said second conduit respectively disposed somewhat above and somewhat below a predetermined temperature at which it is desired to store the water in said tank for respectively operating said valve into its open and closed positions.

3. In a water heating system including an upstanding hot water storage tank, a cold water inlet connection communicating with the lower portion of said tank, and a hot water outlet connection communicating with the upper portion of said tank; the combination comprising an upstanding water vessel, a first conduit communicating between the lower portion of said tank and the lower portion or said vessel, a second conduit communicating between the upper portion of said tank and the upper portion of said vessel, means for heating the water in said vessel in order to cause the Water to rise therein so as to induce a thermo-siphon circulation of the water from the lower portion of said tank via said first conduit into the lower portion of said vessel and from the upper portion of said vessel via said second conduit into the upper portion of said tank, and a thermal valve provided with a casing arranged in said second'conduit near the end thereof communicating with the upper portion of said vessel, said valve including a valve element selectivel operable'between open 1s and closed positions to control the passage through said casing of the water via said second conduit between the upper portion of said vessel and the upper portion of said tank, said valve also including a thermal element responsive to temperatures of the water entering said casing respectively disposed somewhat above and somewhat below a predetermined temperature at which it is desired to store the Water in said tank for respectively operating said valve element into its open and closed positions, said valve further including structure providing a restricted by-pass opening through said casing around said valve element so that there is no substantial difierence in temperature between the water in the upper portion of said vessel and the water entering said casing when said valve element'is operated into its closed position.

4. In a water heating system, including an upstanding hot water storage tank, a cold water inlet connection communicating with the lower portion of said tank, and a hot water outlet connection communicating with the upper portion of said tank; the combination comprising an upstanding water vessel, a first conduit communicating between the lower portion of said tank and the lower portion of said vessel, a second conduit communicating between the upper portion of said tank and the upper portion of said vessel, a heating element operable to heat the water in said vessel in order to cause the water to rise therein so as to induce a thermo-siphon circulation of the water from the lower portion of said tank via said first conduit into the lower portion of said vessel and from the upper portion of said vessel via said second conduit into the upper portion of said tank, means responsive to the temperature of the water in the lower portion of said tank for selectively operating said heating element, a valve arranged in said second conduit and selectively operable to control the passage therethrough of the water from th upper portion of said vessel into the upper portion of said tank, and thermal responsive means for selectively operating said valve.

5. In a water heating system including an upstanding hot water storage tank provided with a first fixture communicating with the lower portion thereof and second and third fixtures communicating with the upper portion thereof, a cold water inlet pipe connected to said first fixture and a hot water outlet pipe connected to said second fixture; the combination comprising an upstanding water vessel provided with fourth and fifth fixtures respectively communicating with the lower and upper portions thereof, a first conduit connected between said first and fourth fixtures, a second conduit connected 'between said third, and fifth fixtures, said first and second conduits respectively including first and second detachable unions accommodating ready connection and disconnection of said tank and said vessel with respect to each other, means for heating the water in said vessel in order to cause the Water to rise therein so as to induce a thermo-siphon circulation of the Water from the lower portion of said tank via said first conduit into the lower portion of said vessel and from the upper portion of said vessel via said second conduit into the upper portion of said tank, a valve arranged in said second conduit between the upper portion of said vessel and said second union and selectively operable to control the passage therethrough of the water from the upper portion of said vessel into the upper portion of tion-thereof and second and third fixtures communicating with. the upper portionthereof, a

coldwater inlet pipe connected to said first fixtureand a hot water outlet pipe connected to said second fixture; the combination comprising an upstanding water vessel provided with fourth andgflfth fixtures respectivel communicating within-the .lowerand upper portions thereof, a

three-wayvalve mechanism connected to said tourthfixture, a drainnpip connected to said valve mechanism, a first conduit connected beetweenusaidvfirst fixture and said valve mechanism, a, second conduit connected between said third and fifthlfixtu'res, said first and second con .duits respectively including first and second detachable .unions accommodating ready connecltion-anddisconnection of said tank and said vessel .with respect to each other, said valve mechanism being operable into its first position to ,opensaid first conduit into said fourth fixture and :to close said drain pipe and into its second position toopen said fourth fixture into said .drain -pipeand to close said first conduit and into its, third position to close said fourth fixture .and said firstconduit and said drain pipe, means for heating the water in said vessel in order to cause .thewater to rise therein so as to induce a thermo-siphon circulation of the water from the lower portion of said tank via said first conduit into thelower portion of said vessel and from the upper. portion of .said vessel via said second conduit into the upper portion of said tank, a valve arranged in said second conduit between the upper ,portion of said vessel and said second union and. selectively operable to control the passage therethrough of'the water fromthe upper portion of said vessel into the upper portion of said :tank,- and means responsive to the temperature of the :water in said second conduit for selectively operating said valve.

7. In-.awater heatingsystem including an upstanding, hot water storage tank, a cold water inlet-connection communicating with the lower .portionof said. tank, and a hot water outlet connection communicating vwith the upper portionof saidtank; the combinationcomprising an up'standingwater vessel, a fluid conduit arranged in good heat exchange relation with said vessel, a firstwater conduit communicating between the lower portion of said. tank and the lower portion of said vessel, a second water conduit communicating between the upper portion of said tank and theupper portion of said vessel, means for passing a hot fluid through said fluid conduit to efiect heating of the water in said vessel in order to cause the water to rise therein so as to induce a thermo-siphon circulation of the water fromthe lower portion of said tank via said first waterconduit'into the lower portion of said vessel and from the upperportion of said vessel via said second water conduit into the upper portion of said tank, a Valve arranged in said second water conduit and selectively operable to control the passage therethrough of the water from the upper portion of said vessel into the upper portion'of said tank, and thermal responsivemeans for selectively operating said valve.

8. Ina water'heating system including an upstanding hot water storagetank, a cold water inlet connction communicating with the lower 20 portion-of-said tank, and a hot-water outlet'connection communicating with the'upper-portion of said tank; the combination comprising an upstanding water vessel, a fluid conduit arranged in good heat exchange relation with said vessel, a first water conduitcommunicating between the lower portion of said tank and the lower portion of said vessel, a second water conduit communicating between the upper portion of said tank and the upper portion-of said vessel, means for conducting a refrigerant in superheated gaseous form into the upper portion of said fluid conduit and for conducting the refrigerant in suboooled liquid form from the lower portion of said fluid conduit to efiect heating of the water in said vessel in order to cause the water to rise therein so as to induce a thermo-siphon circulation of the water from the lower portion of said tank via said first water conduit intothe lower portion of said vessel and from the upper portion of said vessel via said second water conduit into the upper portion of said tank, the upper portion of said fluid conduit constituting a refrigerant desuperheating region and the intermediate portion of said fluid conduit constituting a refrigerant condensing region and the lower portion of said fluid conduit constituting a refrigerant subcooling region, a valve arranged in said second water conduit and selectively operable to control the passage therethrough of the water from the upper portion of said vessel into the upper portion of said tank, and thermal responsive means for selectively operating said valve.

9. In a water heating system including an upstanding hot water storage tank, a cold water inlet connection communicating with the lower portion of said tank, and a hot water outlet connection communicating with the upper portion of said tank; the combination comprising an upstanding water vessel, a fluid conduit arranged in good heat exchange relation with said vessel, a first water conduit communicating between the lower portion of said tank and the lower portion of said vessel, a second water conduit communicating between the upper portion of said tank and the upper portion of said vessel, a refrigerant compressor, means for operating said compressor, means for conducting compressed superheated gaseous refrigerant from said compressor into the upper portion of said fluid conduit and for conducting suboooled liquid refrigerant from the lower portion of said fluid conduit to effect heating of the water in said vessel in order to cause the water to rise therein so as to induce a thermo-siphon circulation of the water from the lower portion of said tank via said first water conduit into the lower portion of said vessel and from the upper portion of said vessel via said secondwater conduit into the upper portion of said tank, the upper portion of said fluid conduit constituting a refrigerant desuperheating region and the intermediateportion of said fluid conduit constituting a refrigerant condensing region and the lower portion of said fluid conduit constituting a refrigerant subcooling region, a refrigerant evaporator, means for expandin the suboooled liquid refrigerant conducted from the lower portion of said fluid conduit in said evaporator, means for conducting the expanded gaseous refrigerant from said evaporator back into said compressor, a valve arranged in said second water conduit and selectively'operable to control the passage therethroughof the water from theupper portion of said vessel into the upper portion of said tank, and thermal responsive means for selectively operating said valve.

10. In a water heating system including an upstanding hot water storage tank, a cold water inlet connection communicating with the lower portion of said tank, and a hot water outlet connection communicating with the upper portion of said tank; the combination comprising a water vessel defining an upstanding substantially tubular chamber, a substantially helical fluid conduit arranged in such chamber, the upper and lower portions of said fluid conduit being respectively disposed adjacent to the upper and lower portions of said chamber, a first water conduit communicating between the lower portion of said tank and the lower portion of said chamber, asecond water conduit communicating between the upper portion of said tank and the upper portion of said chamber, a refrigerant compressor, means responsive to the temperature of the water in the lower portion of said tank for selectively operating said compressor, means for conducting compressed superheated gaseous refrigerant from said compressor into the upper portion of said fluid conduit and for conducting subcooled liquid refrigerant from the lower portion of said fluid conduit to effect heating of the water in said chamber in order to cause the water to rise therein so as to induce a .thermo-siphon circulation of the water from the lower portion of said tank via said first water conduit into the lower portion of said chamber and from the upper portion of said chamber via said second water conduit into 'the upper portion of said tank, the upper portion of said fluid conduit constituting a refrigerant desuperheating region and the intermediate portion of said fluid conduit constituting a refrigerant condensing region and the lower portion of said fluid conduit constituting a refrigerant subcooling region, a refrigerant evaporator,

means for expanding the subcooled liquid refrigerant conducted from the lower portion of said fluid conduit in said evaporator, means for conducting the expanded gaseous refrigerant from said evaporator back into said compressor, a valve arranged in said second water conduit and selectively operable to control the passage therethrough of the water from th upper portion of said chamber into the upper portion of said tank, and thermal responsive means for selectively operating said valve.

11. A water heater comprising a first base, an

upstanding hot water storage tank carried by said first base, a first casing carried by said first bas and enclosing said tank, a cold water inlet duit communicating between the upper portion of said tank and the upper portion of said vessel,

said first and second detachable conduits accommodating ready connection and disconnection of said tank and said vessel with respect to each; other, means for heating the water in sai vessel in order to cause the water to rise therein so as to induce a thermo-siphon circulation of the water from the lower portion of said tank via said a first conduit into the lower portionof said vessel and from the upper portion of said vessel via said second conduit into the upper portion of said tank, a valve arranged in said second conduit and selectively operable to control the passage therethrough of the water from the upper portion of said vessel into the upper portion of said tank, and thermal responsive means for selectively operating said valve. I

12. A water heater comprising a first base, an upstanding hot water storage tank carried by said first base, a first casing carried by said first base and enclosing said tank, a cold water inlet connection communicating with the lower portion of said tank, a hot water outlet connection communicating with the upper portion of said tank, a second base, an upstanding frame carried by said second base, a second casing carried by said second base and enclosing said frame, anv

upstanding water vessel carried by the lower portion of said frame, a fluid conduit arranged in good heat exchange relation with said vessel, a first detachable water conduit communicating between the lower portion of said tank and the lower portion of said vessel, a second detachable water conduit communicating between the upper portion of said tank and the upper portion of said vessel, said first and second detachable water conduits accommodating ready connection and disconnection of said tank and said vessel with respect to each other, a refrigerant compressor carried by the intermediate portion of said frame, means for operating said compressor, means for conducting compressed superheated gaseous refrigerant from said compressor into the upper portion of said fluid conduit and for conducting subcooled liquid refrigerant from the lower portion of said fluid conduit to effect heating of the water in said vessel in order to cause the water to rise therein so as toinduce a thermo-siphon circulation of the water from the lower portion of said tank via said first water conduit into the lower portion of said vessel and from the upper portion of said vessel via said second water conduit into the upper portion of said tank, the upper portion of said fluid conduit constituting a refrigerant desuperheating region and the intermediate portion of said fluid conduit constituting a refrigerant condensing region and the lower portion of said fluid conduit constituting a refrigerant subcooling region, a refrigerant evaporator carried by the upper portion of said frame,

7 means for expanding the subcooled liquid refrigerant conducted from the lower portion of said fluid conduit in said evaporator, means for conducting the expanded gaseous refrigerant from said evaporator back into said compressor, means for circulating air into and out of the upper portion of said second casing and into heat-exchange relation with said evaporator, a valv arranged in said second water conduit and selectively operable to control the passage therethrough of the water from the upper portion of said vessel into the upper portion of said tank, and thermal responsive mean for selectively operating said valve.

13. 'A water heater comprising a first base, an upstanding hot water storage tank carried by said first base, a first casing carried by said first base and enclosing said tank, a cold water inlet connection communicating with the lower portion of said tank, a hot water outlet connection communicating with the upper portion of said tank, a second base, an upstanding frame carriedby said second base, a second casing carried by said second base. and enclosing saidframe, an

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upstanding..-water :vessei carried by thealower portion: of. said iramee a fluid- :conduitrarranged inzgooduheat exchange relation-.rwith -.said vessel, a first detachable waterconduit. communicating between. the. lower {portion of "said: tank and-the lower portion of said vessel, a second zdetachable waterconduit 1 communicating betweeni the sup per portion of said tank and theiupper'portion of said. vessel, said first-.anda:secondsdetachable water. conduits accommodating ready oonnection and disconnection; of said tank and :said TVBSSQI with respect to eachnother, a refrigerant corn- .pressor-carried; by: thea intermediate portion-poi said :frame, means: {or operatingssaid. compressor, :meansfor conducting"; zqcompressede superheated gaseous refrigerant rfrom isaidfl-compressor into the; upper :portionof said: fiuideonduit. and for conducting subcooled liquidlrefrigerant from thezlower portion 'ofisaid fluideconduit to :effect heating of I the water in said- ;vesselin order; to cause the water to rise theremuso sas to induce a thermo-siphon circulation: of the..;water from the lower portion of saidtank-via -said first water conduit intov :the lower :portion'oiwsaid. vessel: and from the upper-portion of said vessel; via said second water conduit :into the. upper portion of said tank-,- the upper portion of 1 said fluid .0011- duit 1 constitutingra refrigerant .=desuperheating region and the: intermediateportion-f said fluid conduit--constituting arefrigerant. condensing. region? and: itheilowen-portion oi said i fiuid conduitconstituting-a refrigerant .subcoolin region, a refrigerant evaporator earriedmyn-the. upper portion .of said -frame;-,1means for expanding: the

subcooledliquid refrigerant.conducted-from the lower portion of :said: fluid conduit in said evaporator,- means forr conducting" therexpanded (gaseous refrigerant drom-saidevaporator back-into said compressor, :saidsecond easinghaving-first and second :opening-s -i;formed .in the upper pox-.-

tion :thereof; means including.:. a fan: carried eby the uppereportionof said 'frame for iciroulating air, throughsa-id first andcsecondi openingsand into. heat exehange relation with said: evaporator, means a includingsa drip: .panv carried :by'. the upper: portion of said cframe and disposedvbeloiv said; 1 evaporatorfor watching condensate from said evaporatonthat- .is condensed :irom-tha air circulated in heat: exchange- :relationatherewith,

meansll i-ncluding :a drain conduit communicata ing with said ,dri-p pan for: conductingothe Z6011- ,densate; to the exterior, a; valve. arranged :in :said second r-water conduit and: .selectively:loperable to control. thepassage therethrou hiof the water irom-thenpper portion of saidvvesslel into" the upper portionof said tank, and thermalvresponsive means i for. selectively r operating said valve.

14.-. Ina room coolingsystem-includ-ing 'aroom, a refrigerant evaporator,- and means a for circulating air: from one :part of said: room a-i-ntor he'at exchange --re1ationwithsaid. evaporator 'and thencebackdnto another part .of said room; .the combination comprising an upstanding water vessel; a. fluid conduit. -arranged ingood heat-exchange relation with said vessel, a refrigerant compressor, means 1 responsiverto .zxthez' temperature-of thea-irin said room iorselectivelyioperating said compressor;..means for conducting compressed. superheated gaseous" refrigerant iro'm said'tcompressor intodthe' upper 'po1'tion-' of -said fluid conduitandttor conducting subcoo'led liquid refrigerant :from: the lower portion oi said fluid conduit: andriomexpanding: the subcooled 1 liquid refrigerantin 'sai-d'evaporator 'and for conduct- -orator back-.-into said compressor;. the upper-portionaof said 'fluid conduit constituting a ref-rigerant desuperheatmg region and the intermediate .-.portion. of said ifiuidi :conduit constituting a refrigerantcondensing regioniand thedower pora hot-'watervdrainconduit :communicating. .with

the upperportion of said tank, a first water conduiticommunicating between the. lower portion of said tank and the lowerportion of said vessel, a second water -.conduit communicati-n'gbetween -5 the -upper.--por.tionsof i saidvtank and. the upper portion of said 7 vessel, .the .water in .-said.. vessel being.. heatedflloy.said.Jduidv conduit .orderwto causestheivlateri to rise. .thereinsso as .to induce a thermos-siphon circulation. of the water. .from

1 theilower portionof said tank via saidii-rst water conduit into. the-lower portion of said vessel'and from the upper .portioniof said vessel via said second water conduit into .the 4 upper. portion-of said l-tank,. ;a firstival-ve' arranged in said-second ,watericonduit and: selectively operable-to control the. passage therethrough of the water from :the upper portion of said vessel (into :theupper portion of said tank, means responsive .to the: temperatureof the. waterin said second water con- ,duit .for selectively operating said first valve,- a

second .valve arranged-in said not waterndrain conduit andselect-ivelv operable .to control the escape Lot hot water. from the upper-portion of said tank, andmeans responsive to the/temperature-.of theflwater-in the-lower portion of said tank for. selectively operating saidsecond valve.

15. In aroomcoolingsystem including-a room, a refrigerant" evaporator, means 'v for. circulating air from oneapart-of said room-:intoi-heatex- 40 change ,relationwith said evaporator-and thence back into anotherpartiof said room,.a refrigerant compressor, .7 means responsive to the temperature of thaaixzin said roorrrfor selectively operating said compressor, 1 a refrigerant. condenser, and. means =.for .conducting..compressedgaseous refrigerant from vsaidacompressor -.to said icondenser. and fol-conducting liquid refrigerant from said condenser-and for expanding the liquid-refrigerant in said evaporator and for conducting the expanded gaseous refrigerant-from :said

evaporator back into said compressor; thezcombinationroomprising ianu upstanding- Water storage tank alcold Water inlet conneetioncommunieating with ithelowerl portionof said tank; a hot waterv Jdra'inconduitcommunicating with the upperportion' of saidtank, means-including said condenser for. heatingtheiwater. in said tank so that the. temperature of thestoredwater. is progressively raised: from the upper portion toward the lower portionof said tank, va valve arranged 111 said hot water: drainwconduit-l and selectively operable between. closed and open positions-K to control theieseape of hot water from-the upper portion. of .said tank; iandvmeansincluding: a thermal device responsive to temperatures of the ii' ater'. in the lower portion .of said tank respectively-disposed somewhat above and somewhat below..a given .temperatu1'e forrespectively operatingsaid valve into its open and: closedposis itionse 16....In a-=-room cooling :systemdncluding atroom, a refrigerant evaporatonf means for oirculating air'f'romoneqaart of said room'into heat exchange relation with "said evap'orator' -and thence back ingzexpanded gaseousretrigeram',,Irom saiduwep-1n into another-quarter *s'aid roomy a refrigerant compressor, means including a room thermostat responsive to the temperature of the air in said room for selectively operating said compressor, a refrigerant condenser, and means for conducting compressed gaseous refrigerant'from said compressor to said condenser and for conducting liquid refrigerant from said conden er and for expanding the liquid refrigerant in said evaporator and for conducting the expanded gaseous refrigerant" from said evaporator back into said compressor; the combination comprising an upstanding water storage, tank, a cold water inlet connection communicating with the lower portion of said tank, a hot water drain conduit communicating with the upper portion of'said tank, means including said condenser for heating the water in said tank so that the temperature of the stored water is progressively raised from the upper portion toward the lower portion of said tank, a valve arranged in said hot water drain conduit and selectively operable to control the escape of hot water from the upper portion of said tank, a tankthermostat responsive to the temperature of the water in the lower portion of said tank, and means governed jointly by said room thermostat and by said tank thermostat for selectively operating said valve.

17. In a'room' cooling system including a room, a room thermostat responsive to the temperature of the air in said room and operable between hot and cold positions, a'refrigerant compressor, an electric motor for operating said compressor, means responsive to operation of said room thermostat into its respective hot and cold positions for respectivelystarting and'stopping operation of said motor, a refrigerant evaporator, means for circulating air from one part of said room into heat exchange relation with said evaporator and thence back into another part of said room, a refrigerant condenser, and means for conducting compressed gaseous refrigerant from said com pressor to said condenser and for conducting liquid refrigerant from said condenser and forin said tank so thatith'e temperature of the stored water is progressively raised from the upper portion toward the lower portion of said tank, a valve arranged in said hot water drain conduit and selectively operable between closed and open positions to control the escape of hot water from the upper portion of said tank, a tank thermostat responsive to the temperature of the water in.

the lower portion 'of said tank and operable between hot and cold positions, and means governed both by operation-of said room thermostat into its' hot position and by' operation of said tank thermostat into its hot position for operating said valve 'intoits open position and governed either by operation'of said room thermostat into its cold,

position or by operationof said tank thermostat into its cold position for operating said valve into its closed position. e

- 181 Ina combination water'heating and room cooling system including an upstanding hot water storage tank, a cold-water inlet connection communicating with thelower portion-cf said tank,

a-liot wateroutletconnection-and a drainacon duit communicating with the upper portion of said tank, a room, a refrigerant evaporator, means for circulating air from one part of said room into heat exchange relation with said evaporator and thence back into another part of said room, a refrigerant compressor, an electric motor for operating said compressor, a refrigerant condenser, means including said condenser for heating the water in said tank so that the temperature of the stored water is progressively raised from the upper portion toward the lower portion of said tank, and means for conducting compressed gaseous refrigerant from said compressor to said condenser and for conducting liquid refrigerant from said condenser and for expanding the liquid refrigerant in said evaporator and for conducting the expanded gaseous refrigerant from said evaporator back into said compressor; the combination comprising a room thermostat responsive to the temperature of the air in said room and operable between hot and cold positions, a tank thermostat responsive to the temperature of the water in the lower portion of said tank and operable between hot and cold positions, a first circuit for operating said motor, means responsive to operation of said room thermostat into its hot position for completing said first circuit, additional means responsive to operation of said tank thermostat into its cold position for completing said first circuit, a valve arranged in said drain conduit and operable from a normally closed position into a hot water outlet connection and a drain con-- duit communicating with the upper portion of said tank, a room, a refrigerant evaporator, means for circulating air from one part of said room into heat exchange relation with said evaporator and thence back into another part of said room, a refrigerant compressor, an electric motor for operating said compressor, a refrigerant condenser, means including said condenser for heating the water in said tank so that the temperature of the stored water is progressively raised from the upper portion toward the lower portion of said tank, and means for conducting compressed gaseous refrigerant from said compressor to said condenser and for conducting liquid refrigerant from said condenser and for expanding the liquid refrigerant in said evaporator and for conducting the expanded gaseous refrigerant from said evaporator back into said compressor; the combination comprising a room thermostat 'responsive to the temperature of the air in said room and operable between hot and cold positionsfa tank thermostat responsive to the temperature of additional means responsive to operation of said tank thermostat intoits cold'positionfor com pleting said first circuit," an electromagnetic valve arranged in said drain-conduit and operable'from' a normally closed position into an open position o. co trol, he scaps of. h t. ate f m h u p r i n. o sa d a k. sec nd. r i for deemir a l e en ineers resrqns v i i v to operat aiero mi ie imoe at in o its hot 1 sition a nd to operationofisaid tank thermostat into 7 its hot. position for completing said second circ t,

a ccmbina en. Wat heat g a o cooling systenr including an upstanding hot water storagetank, acold water inlet connection communicating with the lower portion of said tank, a hot Water outlet connection and adrain conduit cornniunicatingwith the upper v portionof saidtank, a room, arefrigerant evaporator, means for circulating air from one part of said room into heat exchange relation with said evaporator and thenceback into another. part of saidroom, arefrigerant compressor, an electric motor for operating saidcompressor, a refrigerant condenser, means includingsaid condenser for heating the wateninsaid tank so-that the temperature of the stored .water isprogrcssively raised from the upper-portion toward the lower portion of said tank, and means-for conducting compressed gaseous refrigerant from said com pressor -to said. condenser andnior -.conducting liquid-refrigerant from-said-condenser and for expanding-the liquid refrigerant in said evaporator and forconducting the expanded gaseous refrigerant from saidevaporator back into said compressor; the combination comprising a room thermostat responsive to -the temperature. of the airin said roomand. operable between hot and cold positions, atank. thermostat responsive to thetemperature ofthe water in the. lower .por-.

tion' of saidtankand operablebetween.hot. and

cold positions, a first circuitior operating; said,

motor, means responsive to operation. of. said room thermostatinto its hotpositionior completing. saidlfirst circuit, additionalmeans responsive-to. operation of saidtank thermostat into .its cold position fon completing saida first circuit, a relay, additional meansresponsive to. operation of i said room-thermostat into its hot position for operating. said relay, an electromagnetic valve 81'". ranged in saidv drain conduit and-operablefrom a normally closed: position into an open position toicontrol the escape of hot water from the upper portion of .saidtank, a second circuit foroperatingsaid valve, and means.responsivejohrtly to operation of said relay and to operationof said tank thermostat into-itshot position. for completing said second circuit.

21'. In. a combination water heating and room cooling system including an upstanding hot water. storage tank, a cold water inlet connection communicating with thelower portion ofsaid tank,

a hot water outlet connection and a drain cone duit. communicating with the. upper portion of saidtank,. av room, a refrigerant evaporator, means for circulating. airfromrone partofsaid room into heat exchangerelation with saidevaporator and thence back intoanother-partofsaid to. said condenser and for conducting. liquid. re-

frigerantfrom said condenser. and for expandin the-liquid refrigerant insaid evaporator and for conducting expanded gaseous refrigerant from said evaporator back intosaid compressor; the combination comprising structure defining an upstandingchamberarranged in good heat-exchange relation with said condenser, a first water conduit communicating betweenthe lower portion of said tank and the lower portion of said chamber, a second water conduit communicating between the upper portion of said tank and the upper portion of said chamber, said condenser heating the Water'in said chamber in orderito cause it to rise therein so as to induce athermosiphon circulation of the water from the lower portionof said tank via said first water conduit into the lower portion of said chamber and from the upper portion of said chamber via said second water conduit into. the'upper portion of said tank, a first valve arranged in said second waterconduit andselectively operable to control the passage therethrough of the water fromethe upper portion of said chamber into the upper portion of said tank, means responsive to-the temperature of the water in said second .water conduit for selectively operating said first; valve, 2. room thermostat responsive to the temperature of the air in said room and operable between hot-and cold positions, a tank thermostat responsive to the temperature of the water inthe-lowcr portion of said tank and operable betweenhot and'cold positions, a first circuit for operating said motor, means responsive to operation of said room thermostat into its. hot position for com pleting said first circuit, additional meansresponsive to operation of said tank thermostat intoits cold position-for completing said first, circuit, a second valve arranged in said drain conduit and operable from a normally closed position into an open position to control the escape of hot water from the upper portionof said tank, and means governed-both by. opera. tion of said room thermostat into its hotposie tion and by operation of said tank thermostat into its hot position for operating said second: valve.

22 The method of heating water in a storage tank to a predetermined storage temperature, comprising withdrawingcold water fromthelower'portion of said tank, heating said withdrawn cold water to a temperature somewhat above said predetermined. storage temperature, returning said hot water to the upper portion of said tank to complete the water cycle, and arresting-said water cycle when the temperature of the water in the lower portion of said tank is elevated to a temperature somewhat below said predetermined storage temperature.

23. The method of heating water in a storage tank to. a predetermined storage temperature comprising transferring heat from the atmosphere to arefrigerant evaporator by circulating the atmosphere into heat exchange relation with said evaporator, transferring heat from said evaporator'to a .refrigerator'condenser by'circulating a refrigerant therebetweenin a com-. pression-liquefaction-expansion cycle so that the temperatureof said evaporator is maintained b3?- low the ambient temperature of the atmosphere and the temperature of said condenser is maintained above said predetermined storage temperature, withdrawing cold water from the lower portion of said tank, passing said withdrawn cold.

water into heatexchange relation with-said condenser-s0 that the temperature thereof isele-. vated somewhatabove said predetermined stor-v age temperature, returningsaid hot water to the upper portion ofsaid tank to complete the water.

29 cycle, and arresting said water cycle when the temperature of the water in the lower portion of said tank is elevated to a temperature somewhat below said predetermined storage temperature.

24. The method of cooling a room to a given temperature comprising withdrawing warm air from one part of said room, passing said withdrawn warm air into heat exchange relation with a refrigerant evaporator, returning said cool air back to another part of said room to complete the air cycle, arresting said air cycle when the temperature of said room is lowered to said given temperature, transferring heat from said evaporator to a refrigerant condenser by circulating a refrigerant therebetween in a compression-liquefaction-expansion cycle so that the temperature of said evaporator is maintained below said given temperature and the temperature of said condenser is maintained above a predetermined temperature of approximately 150 F., withdrawing cold water from the lower portion of an upstanding storage tank, passing said withdrawn cold water into heat exchange rela tion with said condenser so that the temperature thereof is elevated somewhat above said predetermined storage temperature, returning said hot water to the upper portion of said tank to complete the water cycle, initiating the discharge of hot water from the upper portion of said tank to a drain when the temperature of the water in the lower portion of said tank is elevated to a temperature approaching said predetermined temperature, supplying suificient cold water to the lower portion of said tank to maintain said tank substantially full of water, and arresting the discharge of hot water from the upper portion of said tank to said drain when the temperature of the water in the lower portion of said tank is lowered to a temperature well below said predetermined temperature.

25. The method of cooling a room to a given temperature and of heating water in a storage tank to a predetermined storage temperature comprising withdrawing warm air from one part of said room, passing said withdrawn air into heat exchange relation with a refrigerant evaporator, returning said cool air back to another part of said room to complete the air cycle, circulating a refrigerant in a compression-liquefactionexpansion cycle between said evaporator and a refrigerant condenser so that the temperature of said evaporator is maintained below said given temperature and the temperature of said condenser is maintained above said predetermined temperature, withdrawing cold water from the lower portion of an upstanding storage tank, passing said withdrawn cold water into heat exchange relation with said condenser so that the temperature thereof is elevated somewhat above said predetermined storage temperature, returning said hot Water to the upper portion of said tank to complete the water cycle, initiating the discharge of hot water from the upper portion of said tank to a drain when the temperature of the water in the lower portion of said tank is elevated to a control temperature disposed somewhat below said predetermined temperature prior to lowering of the temperature of said room to said given temperature, supplying sufficient cold water to the lower portion of said tank to maintain said tank substantially full of water, arresting the discharge of hot water from the upper portion of said tank to said drain when the temperature of the water in the lower portion of said tank is lowered to a temperature well below said predetermined temperature, and arresting said refrigerant cycle when both the temperature of said room is lowered at least to said given temperature and the temperature of the water in the lower portion of said tank is elevated to said control temperature.

26. In a heat pump system of the compressionliquefaction-expansion cycle type including a compressor and a condenser and an evaporator arranged in a closed refrigerant circuit; the combination comprising a hot water storage tank, a cold water inlet connection communicating with the lower portion of said tank, a hot water outlet connection communicating with the upper portion of said tank, means responsive to the temperature of the water in the lower portion of said tank for selectively operating said compressor, a vessel arranged in good heat exchange relation with said condenser, means for circulating water from the lower portion of said tank through said vessel and thence back into the upper portion of said tank in order to heat the water in said tank progressively from the upper portion thereof toward the lower portion thereof, and means responsive to the temperature of the water circulated from said vessel back into the upper portion of said tank for selectively controlling the rate of said circulation.

27. In a heat pump system of the compressionliquefaction-expansion cycle type including a compressor and a condenser and an evaporator arranged in a closed refrigerant circuit; the combination comprising a room, means for circulating air from one part of said room through said evaporator and thence back into another part of said room in order to cool the air in said room, means responsive to the temperature of the air in said room for selectively operating said compressor, a hot water storage tank, a cold water inlet connection communicating with the lower portion of said tank, a hot water outlet connection communicating with the upper portion of said tank, a vessel arranged in good heat exchange relation with said condenser, means for circulating water from the lower portion of said tank through said vessel and thence back into the upper portion of said tank in order to heat the water in said tank progressively from the upper portion thereof toward the lower portion thereof, a drain conduit, and means responsive to the temperature of the water in the lower portion of said tank for selectively controlling the discharge of hot water from said hot water outlet connection into said drain conduit.

KEMPER HAMMELL.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,331,600 Wales Feb. 24, 1920 1,786,861 Miller Dec. 30, 1930 1,937,288 McGraw Nov. 28, 1933 1,969,187 Schutt Aug. 7, 1934 2,095,017 Wilkes Oct. 5, 1937 2,126,266 Laird Aug. 9, 1938 2,297,970 Merz Oct. 6, 1942 2,375,157 Wilkes May 1, 1945 2,441,885 Kemler May 18, 1948 2,513,373 Sporn July 4, 1950 2,516,094 Ruff July 18, 1950 2,520,535 Ewald Aug. 29, 1950 2,575,325 Ambrose Nov. 20, 1951 2,632,306 Rufi Mar. 24, 1953 

